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	<title>GARDEN LARGE &#187; Europe</title>
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	<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com</link>
	<description>Horticultural Design, Inc., Duncan Brine and the Brine Garden</description>
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		<title>Chelsea Flower Show Gripes</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/05/27/chelsea-flower-show-gripes/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/05/27/chelsea-flower-show-gripes/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 27 May 2010 11:39:34 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Awards/Competitions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[http://www.hortweek.com/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=HOW.News.Article.Bulletin&#38;sPageName=dailybulletin&#38;nNewsID=1005574

Native Euonymous at the Brine Garden
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.hortweek.com/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=HOW.News.Article.Bulletin&amp;sPageName=dailybulletin&amp;nNewsID=1005574">http://www.hortweek.com/news/index.cfm?fuseaction=HOW.News.Article.Bulletin&amp;sPageName=dailybulletin&amp;nNewsID=1005574</a></p>
<p><img src='http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3222/3083490852_bdc0f971f7_m.jpg' alt=''/><br />
Native Euonymous at the Brine Garden</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Suave Naturalism, Democratised&#8211; Rural Landscape is a fiction</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/03/17/suave-naturalism-democratised-rural-landscape-is-a-fiction/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/03/17/suave-naturalism-democratised-rural-landscape-is-a-fiction/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Mar 2010 23:22:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A native digs deep with relish&#8230;
&#34;The English sticks have been subjected to a makeover, a wash and brush  up. Dirt farms have turned into clean farms. Canals in desuetude have  been redug and refilled. Cottages have been restored to a state of  &#34;authenticity&#34;.&#34;
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2010/mar/17/british-countryside-transformed
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A native digs deep with relish&#8230;</p>
<p>&quot;The English sticks have been subjected to a makeover, a wash and brush  up. Dirt farms have turned into clean farms. Canals in desuetude have  been redug and refilled. Cottages have been restored to a state of  &quot;authenticity&quot;.&quot;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2010/mar/17/british-countryside-transformed">http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/cif-green/2010/mar/17/british-countryside-transformed</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Duncan Brine interview in the notable British Blog Thinking Gardens</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/02/10/duncan-brine-interview-in-the-notable-british-blog-thinking-gardens/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2010/02/10/duncan-brine-interview-in-the-notable-british-blog-thinking-gardens/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Feb 2010 18:54:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Design Technique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Design philosophy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Duncan Brine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Garden Blogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Images]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Landscape Designers]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Naturalistic]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[http://thinkingardens.co.uk/Susan%20Cohan%20Nine%20Questions%202%20Duncan%20Brine.html
]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://thinkingardens.co.uk/Susan%20Cohan%20Nine%20Questions%202%20Duncan%20Brine.html">http://thinkingardens.co.uk/Susan%20Cohan%20Nine%20Questions%202%20Duncan%20Brine.html</a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Vintage Gardens and Gardeners: Courtesy of gardenhistorygirl.com, administered by lovedaylemon</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2009/03/16/vintage-gardens-and-gardeners-courtesy-of-gardenhistorygirlcom-administered-by-lovedaylemon/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2009/03/16/vintage-gardens-and-gardeners-courtesy-of-gardenhistorygirlcom-administered-by-lovedaylemon/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 16 Mar 2009 23:23:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Enlightening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Images]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Landscape Inspiration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Private Gardens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[US]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[http://www.flickr.com/groups/684463@N21/pool
Enjoy and perhaps contribute to this grassroots compilation of a treasure trove of historical, American backyards.




&#160;

Vintage Gardens and Gardeners

 				 									Group Pool 												Discussion 													78 Members 													Map								 								 																		Join This Group 													


&#160;
   		Slideshow
 	Guest Passes let you share your photos that aren&#8217;t public. Anyone can see your public photos anytime, whether they&#8217;re a Flickr [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/684463@N21/pool">http://www.flickr.com/groups/684463@N21/pool</a></p>
<p>Enjoy and perhaps contribute to this grassroots compilation of a treasure trove of historical, American backyards.</p>
<table id="SubNav" border="0" cellspacing="0" width="800">
<tr>
<td class="Buddy"><a href="javascript:void(0);/*1237245789510*/"><img src="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3272/buddyicons/684463@N21.jpg?1204396532" class="xBuddyIconH absmiddle" alt="the Vintage Gardens and Gardeners group icon" border="0" height="48" width="48" /></a></td>
<td class="Section">
<p style="overflow: auto; position: relative; width: 528px; height: 56px" id="cattington_outer">&nbsp;</p>
<h1></h1>
<h4><a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/684463@N21/pool" target="_blank">Vintage Gardens and Gardeners</a></h4>
<h1></h1>
<p class="LinksNewP"> 				<a href="javascript:void(0);/*1237245789510*/"><span class="LinksNew"> 									<span class="Here">Group Pool</span> 												<span>Discussion</span> 													<span>78 Members</span> 													<span>Map</span>								 								 																		Join This Group 													</span></a></p>
</td>
<td class="Extras">
<p class="SlideShowShareButtons">&nbsp;</p>
<p id="SSButtonHugger">   		<span><a href="http://www.flickr.com/groups/684463@N21/pool/show/" id="SlideShowButton">Slideshow</a></span></p>
<p id="GPTooltip"> 	<span id="tooltip_1237244917_0" style="display: none">Guest Passes let you share your photos that aren&#8217;t public. Anyone can see your public photos anytime, whether they&#8217;re a Flickr member or not. But! If you want to share photos marked as friends, family or private, use a Guest Pass. If you&#8217;re sharing photos f</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Ambitious Duchess creates Large Garden alongside Capability</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/07/20/ambitious-duchess-creates-large-garden-alongside-capability/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/07/20/ambitious-duchess-creates-large-garden-alongside-capability/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 20 Jul 2008 14:04:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/07/20/ambitious-duchess-creates-large-garden-alongside-capability/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

The Duchess and Her Garden &#8211; NYTimes.com


&#8220;THE criticism I&#8217;ve had is just massive,&#8221; said the Duchess of Northumberland, as she led a visitor through the Bamboo Labyrinth of Alnwick Garden. &#8220;It&#8217;s really staggering the way that Britain views this project. They said I am to gardens what Imelda Marcos is to shoes.&#8221;


what she has done [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="diigo-linkroll">
<li>
<p class="diigo-link"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/07/17/garden/17northumberland.html?_r=1&amp;oref=slogin">The Duchess and Her Garden &#8211; NYTimes.com</a></p>
<ul class="diigo-highlights">
<li>
<div class="content">&ldquo;THE criticism I&rsquo;ve had is just massive,&rdquo; said the Duchess of Northumberland, as she led a visitor through the Bamboo Labyrinth of Alnwick Garden. &ldquo;It&rsquo;s really staggering the way that Britain views this project. They said I am to gardens what <a title="More articles about Imelda R. Marcos." href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/imelda_r_marcos/index.html?inline=nyt-per">Imelda Marcos</a> is to shoes.&rdquo;</div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="content">what she has done with these 14 acres at Alnwick Castle, her husband&rsquo;s ancestral home &mdash; and what she hopes to do with them in the future, and the money that all this involves &mdash; has indeed stirred controversy, in worlds as diverse as the English gardening establishment, the British Parliament and the press. <strong>What started as a whim of the new duchess, who saw a chance to  create a modern counterpoint to the adjacent 18th-century landscape designed by Lancelot (Capability) Brown,  has become one of the most ambitious public gardens created in Europe since World War II, a rollicking tourist attraction widely known as the Versailles of the North.</strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="content"><strong>&ldquo;In England, if you&rsquo;re married to a duke and raise your head above the parapet and do something on this scale, it&rsquo;s considered to be overly ambitious,&rdquo; she said. &ldquo;The attitude is that you should stay in your castle.&rdquo;</strong></div>
</li>
<li>
<div class="content">
<p>&ldquo;To do anything,&rdquo; she told the duke, &ldquo;I&rsquo;m going to need a million pounds.&rdquo; But over the next year, her vision became grander, expanding to encompass a public garden that would draw visitors from all over the country. The duke eventually put in &pound;8 million  (about $12  million at the time) through his charitable trust, half in the form of a loan, and the duchess embarked on a fund-raising campaign that is still ongoing.</p>
<p>She also became increasingly  determined that the garden should be modern, not a recreation of Alnwick&rsquo;s long-derelict 18th-   and 19th-century  gardens &mdash; a decision, she said, that would lead to the first of her troubles.</p>
</p></div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Open Squares in Britain</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/06/12/open-squares-in-britain/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/06/12/open-squares-in-britain/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Jun 2008 12:48:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/06/12/open-squares-in-britain/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

Open Garden Squares Weekend is Bliss for Voyeurs : TreeHugger


&#160;
by Bonnie Alter, London on  	06.10.08
&#160;
&#160;
  Food &#38; Health (botanical)





Open Garden Squares is the one weekend in the year when people can visit London gardens not usually open to the public and discover all sorts of hidden, unknown squares and patches of green that [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="diigo-linkroll">
<li>
<p class="diigo-link"><a href="http://www.treehugger.com/files/2008/06/open-private-gardens-to-the-public.php">Open Garden Squares Weekend is Bliss for Voyeurs : TreeHugger</a></p>
<ul class="diigo-highlights">
<li>
<p class="content">&nbsp;</p>
<h5 class="tagline">by <a href="http://www.treehugger.com/authors/index.php?author=Bonnie" _base_target="_parent">Bonnie Alter, London</a> on  	06.10.08</h5>
<p class="entry-content">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="entry-body">&nbsp;</p>
<p class="cat-indicator">  <a href="http://www.treehugger.com/food_health/" _base_target="_parent">Food &amp; Health</a> <span class="lowercase">(<a href="http://www.treehugger.com/food_health/botanical/" _base_target="_parent">botanical</a>)</span></p>
</li>
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<p class="content"><img src="http://www.treehugger.com/branson-roof-garden.jpg" alt="branson roof garden open squares weekend photo.jpg" height="351" width="411" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content">Open Garden Squares is the one weekend in the year when people can visit London gardens not usually open to the public and discover all sorts of hidden, unknown squares and patches of green that are privately owned.  Due to a peculiarity of English architecture, many houses back on to large communal gardens which are completely surrounded by the buildings and only accessible to the owners.</p>
</li>
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<p class="content"><img src="http://www.treehugger.com/woodland-roof-garden.jpg" alt="woodland roof garden photo.jpg" height="351" width="397" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://www.treehugger.com/flamingos-in-garden.jpg" alt="flamingos in roof garden photo.jpg" height="351" width="388" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://www.treehugger.com/adelaide-community-garden.jpg" alt="adelaide community garden is local photo.jpg" height="351" width="391" /></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Snail Mounts: New, Old, Small and Large</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/26/snail-mounts-new-old-small-and-large/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/26/snail-mounts-new-old-small-and-large/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 May 2008 12:39:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Design Technique]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Enlightening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Garden Blogs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[History]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Images]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Large gardens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Gardens]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/26/snail-mounts-new-old-small-and-large/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

gardenhistorygirl


The Elizabethan Snail Mount








The viewing mount at the Garden of Cosmic Speculation (see previous post) is of particularly illustrious ancestry, being a type favored by the Elizabethans who conferred upon it a typically emblematic meaning.
Sir Francis Bacon&#8217;s garden (c. 1620) had &#8216;in the very middle, a fair mount, with three ascents, and alleys, enough for [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="diigo-linkroll">
<li>
<p class="diigo-link"><a href="http://gardenhistorygirl.blogspot.com">gardenhistorygirl</a></p>
<ul class="diigo-highlights">
<li>
<p class="content">The Elizabethan Snail Mount</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://bp2.blogger.com/_REjQQ5OAUrM/SDRRDE-gGmI/AAAAAAAABOQ/zfCzdqqmVVA/s400/lyveden+new+bield.jpg" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://bp3.blogger.com/_REjQQ5OAUrM/SDRRDU-gGnI/AAAAAAAABOY/qlZpi38aUdo/s400/lyveden+new+bield+snail+mound.jpg" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content">The viewing mount at the Garden of Cosmic Speculation (see <a href="http://gardenhistorygirl.blogspot.com/2008/05/historical-landart-viewing-mount.html">previous post</a>) is of particularly illustrious ancestry, being a type favored by the Elizabethans who conferred upon it a typically emblematic meaning.</p>
<p>Sir Francis Bacon&#8217;s garden (c. 1620) had &#8216;in the very middle, a fair mount, with three ascents, and alleys, enough for four to walk abreast; which I would have to be perfect circles&#8230;and the whole mount to be thirty foot high&#8217;</p>
<p>A mount of this height had to be ascended by stairs (expensive) or by circular spiralling paths (cheaper), leading to the name &#8217;snail mounts&#8217;.</p>
<p>The best surviving example, shown above, is at <a href="http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/main/w-vh/w-visits/w-findaplace/w-lyvedennewbield/w-lyvedennewbield-photo_gallery.htm">Lyveden New Bield </a>in Northamptonshire, where twin snail mounds arise from a moated landscape surrounding Thomas Tresham&#8217;s haunting, never-finished Trinitarian retreat.</p>
<p>(Highly recommended for a visit as one of the most intact Tudor landscapes.)</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://bp1.blogger.com/_REjQQ5OAUrM/SDROI0-gGjI/AAAAAAAABN4/D1zTCiw2CYw/s400/elvetham+hall+queen%27s+progress.jpg" /></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>New Tree View at Kew</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/23/new-tree-view-at-kew/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/23/new-tree-view-at-kew/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 23 May 2008 11:23:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Architecture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Gardens]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/05/23/new-tree-view-at-kew/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[

Treetop walkway at Kew Gardens &#124; Travel &#124; guardian.co.uk





Treetop walkway at Kew Gardens (9 pictures)











Thumbnail view



Read more
Stairway to heaven for tree lovers at Kew gardens
One hundred and eight steps up, tree top walk way provides new striking view of Londo


1 / 9
The 200m-long walkway was designed by the architects of the London Eye

Photograph: Linda Nylind




]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="diigo-linkroll">
<li>
<p class="diigo-link"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/gallery/2008/may/23/trees.kew?picture=334323472">Treetop walkway at Kew Gardens | Travel | guardian.co.uk</a></p>
<ul class="diigo-highlights">
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<p class="content"><img src="http://image.guim.co.uk/static/52745/original/zones/travel/images/logo.gif" alt="guardian.co.uk" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content">Treetop walkway at Kew Gardens <span class="count">(9 pictures)</span></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://image.guim.co.uk/Guardian/travel/gallery/2008/may/22/1/GD7372888@The-Xstrata-Treetop-w-2273-thumb.jpg" alt="Next" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://image.guim.co.uk/Guardian/travel/gallery/2008/may/22/1/GD7371836@The-Xstrata-Treetop-w-2645-thumb.jpg" alt="Previous" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"><img src="http://image.guim.co.uk/Guardian/travel/gallery/2008/may/22/1/GD7371730@The-Xstrata-Treetop-w-1782-thumb.jpg" alt="Current" /></p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content">Thumbnail view</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content">
<h2 class="strap">Read more</h2>
<p class="linktext"><a href="http://lifeandhealth.guardian.co.uk/gardens/story/0,,2281770,00.html" title="&amp;lid={articleTrailblock}{Stairway to heaven for tree lovers at Kew gardens}&amp;lpos={trail}{1}" name="&amp;lid={articleTrailblock}{Stairway to heaven for tree lovers at Kew gardens}&amp;lpos={trail}{1}">Stairway to heaven for tree lovers at Kew gardens</a></p>
<p>One hundred and eight steps up, tree top walk way provides new striking view of Londo</li>
<li>
<p class="content">
<p class="number"><strong>1</strong> / 9</p>
<p>The 200m-long walkway was designed by the architects of the London Eye</li>
<li>
<p class="content">Photograph: Linda Nylind</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
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		<title>Plants live beyond Extinction in new Kew Gallery of Botanical Art</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/04/19/plants-live-beyond-extinction-in-new-kew-gallery-of-botanical-art/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/04/19/plants-live-beyond-extinction-in-new-kew-gallery-of-botanical-art/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 19 Apr 2008 12:35:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Art]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Enlightening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Museums]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Plants]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[

BBC NEWS &#124; UK &#124; Kew to open botanical art gallery &#8211; Annotated




London&#8217;s Kew Gardens is to open the world&#8217;s first gallery dedicated to botanical art works &#8211; some of which have never been seen by the public.


 Kew has a vast collection of more than 200,000 art works.
 Some of the illustrations of extinct [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<ul class="diigo-linkroll">
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<p class="diigo-link"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/7355850.stm">BBC NEWS | UK | Kew to open botanical art gallery</a><span class="diigo-link-opts"> &#8211; <a href="http://www.diigo.com/01yfv">Annotated</a></span></p>
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<li>
<ul class="diigo-highlights">
<li>
<p class="content">London&#8217;s Kew Gardens is to open the world&#8217;s first gallery dedicated to botanical art works &#8211; some of which have never been seen by the public.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p class="content"> Kew has a vast collection of more than 200,000 art works.</p>
<p><strong> Some of the illustrations of extinct species are thought to be the only surviving record.</strong></li>
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<p class="content"><strong>&#8220;With one quarter of the world&#8217;s species of flowering plants threatened by extinction in the next 50 years, Kew has a vital role to play to inspire and deliver science-based plant conservation. &#8220;</strong></p>
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		<title>A Major Setback for Historic Landscapes: Britain&#8217;s Horse Chestnuts are in Steep Decline</title>
		<link>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/04/01/a-potential-disaster-for-historic-landscapes-britains-horse-chestnuts-are-in-steep-decline/</link>
		<comments>http://landscapedesignweb.com/2008/04/01/a-potential-disaster-for-historic-landscapes-britains-horse-chestnuts-are-in-steep-decline/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 02 Apr 2008 00:41:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Brine</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Gardens]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Guardian]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Ben Willis on the disease threatening Britain&#8217;s horse chestnut population &#124; Environment &#124; The Guardian  Annotated
Britain&#8217;s horse chestnuts are being attacked by a virulent disease, and half the population could already be affected
Ben Willis]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="title"><strong><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2008/apr/02/conservation.wildlife?gusrc=rss&amp;feed=environment">Ben Willis on the disease threatening Britain&#8217;s horse chestnut population | Environment | The Guardian</a></strong>  <a href="http://www.diigo.com/01j38" style="font-size: 0.8em; font-style: italic; text-decoration: underline" class="LinkItem" target="_blank">Annotated</a></p>
<p class="content">Britain&#8217;s horse chestnuts are being attacked by a virulent disease, and half the population could already be affected</p>
<p class="content">Ben Willis</p</p>
<ul>
<li class="publication"><a href="http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian" title="&amp;lid={articleBody}{The Guardian}&amp;lpos={articleBody}{1}" name="&amp;lid={articleBody}{The Guardian}&amp;lpos={articleBody}{1}">The Guardian</a>,</li>
<li class="date">Wednesday April 2 2008</li>
</ul>
<p class="content">Based on months of detailed fieldwork, the report&#8217;s findings show that almost 50% of the UK&#8217;s horse chestnut trees could have bleeding canker. In some regions the problem appears especially grave, particularly the south-east, where 76% of the sample trees showed signs of the disease.</p>
<p class="content">Webber says the Forestry Commission reckons there are approximately a million horse chestnuts in Britain. If the research paints an accurate picture of the situation, this therefore means a possible half a million trees may be affected.</p>
<p class="content">the disease is bacterial, rather than fungal. Chestnuts have long been known to suffer from a cankerous infection caused by the fungal-like Phytophthora, though infection rates from this have traditionally been low. Around five years ago, however, a steep increase in the number of reports of bleeding canker prompted researchers to look again, and it was then that they realised a new bacterium had taken hold.</p>
<p class="content">Should the worst happen and the horse chestnut population collapse in the face of disease and other pressures, its absence is likely to be most keenly felt in the historic landscape. Since introduced to the UK in the 1500s &#8211; it is a native of the Balkans &#8211; the horse chestnut has become a familiar feature in many designed landscapes.</p>
<p class="content">Alan Cathersides, senior landscape manager at the conservation body English Heritage, estimates that of the 1,700 or so registered historic landscapes in Britain, only about 10% are without chestnuts. Consequently, Cathersides describes the Forestry Commission&#8217;s research as &#8220;really worrying&#8221;. He says: &#8220;If all those trees died from bleeding canker, it would be a disaster for historic landscapes.&#8221;</p>
<p class="content">guardian.co.uk/environment/forests</p>
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